Whole and Part
State is a large organization consist of four major elements including, population, government, territory and sovereignty. Whereas, government is just a single part of this vast organization which consist of three major organs including, legislature, judiciary and execution. Whereby, legislature role is to formulate state laws. The obligation of judiciary is to interpret state laws. Whereas, execution branch of government execute state laws.
Membership
Another major difference between state and government is of membership. The entire population of state are the members of state except foreigners who visit state for various reasons. However, the members of government are few people but they are also from population of state. Those people become members of government among population who obtain jobs in public offices through competitive exams, trainings, election and education. These members serve in the three branches of government. A government servant might hold membership in legislature — judiciary or executive branch. The members of government hold different title within different branches such as, judge, public prosecutor, MNA, MPA, chief minister, prime minister, president, chairman, secretary etc…
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the most important element for the existence of state. If the state is sovereign the established government will work for the interest of state and its population. If the specific area is not sovereign than the established government will work to protect the interest of foreign state and foreigners for instance, Before 1947 India was a colony of British Empire. During British rule neither Pakistan nor India was given a status of state. At that time the laws and government of India was established by British. These British laws and government were fashioned in way which protected the interest of British and English people rather than India and Indians. However, when British left subcontinent two independent state came into being India and Pakistan. Now these sovereign states obtained the right to establish their own government as well as constitutions which would protect the interest and rights of inhabitants.
Population within a given geographic location absent sovereignty cannot be called as state and without state government cannot be established by inhabitants. Absent sovereignty the resources and people would be exploited by foreigners or foreign state for their own interest. The inhabitant would not have authority and control over their establishments and natural resources.
Physical existence
State does not have physical existence whereas government physical existence can be seen through its branches or organizations, legislature, judiciary and executive.
Citizens Rights
It’s the state which grant rights to citizens without state people would not be entitled to any rights. Whereas, government duty is to protect the rights of citizen grated by the state. Citizens can criticize government but not state because state given them rights however it is the duty of government to protect those rights.
Territory
The existence of state depend on territory whereas, government can be established and function without territory. Government can operate from anywhere for instance after World War two when France lost its territory to Germany the French government were conducting their business from Britain.
Change
State is a permanent vast organization whereas government is temporary it can change after a period of time. As we know that there are many forms of government state could be regulated trough any form of government. Autocracy might be replace with democracy or republic.
Forms of government
The existence of state is universally based on four elements including, sovereignty, population, government and territory. Whereas, any form of government could be established within a state such as, democracy, republic, autocracy, oligarchy etc…
Written by; Khushdil Khan Kasi