The foundation of evolutionary perspective is based on the work of following social thinkers; ibne-i-khaldoon, Herbert Spencer and Ferdinand Tonnies. Evolutionary social thinkers were interested in the study of “origin”, “gradual change and growth” and “development of the society”. Therefore, theories of evolutionary school of thought are focused on, “identifying the patterns of development and change in society”. Evolutionary is a classical perspective and presently, does not play a major role in the development of the discipline.
Ibn-i- khaldoon is included amongst the evolutionary thinkers, in the discipline of sociology, his theories were focused on social facts, which contributes in the gradual growth of society, nevertheless, his theory “Al-Asabiya” is based on the presumption that, individuals sharing similar feelings and motives, generates a force of solidarity and unity amongst individuals; which further leads towards the creation of group and eventually transform into the formation of state. Furthermore, individuals who move towards luxurious life end up weakening the force of solidarity (Al-Asabiya) among the individual in a state or group. States which lack solidarity are dominated by the states in which individuals are united. Herbert Spenser, is amongst, one of the evolutionary social thinker, according to his theory of “social evolution”, societies have life cycle similar to living organism, after passing through stages i.e. birth, development and evolution ; societies die too; alike living organism. Herbert Spenser theory of “social evolution” is inspired from Charles Darwin theory “Evolution”, which is biological science theory, focused on organic evolution.
