method Archives - Sociology Learners https://www.sociologylearners.com/tag/method/ Knowledge Bank of Sociology Thu, 25 May 2017 11:38:44 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 129612039 Content Analysis https://www.sociologylearners.com/content-analysis/ Thu, 25 May 2017 11:38:44 +0000 https://www.sociologylearners.com/?p=141 Content analysis research method; also known as, secondary data analysis. In this method information or data is obtained regarding a social issue through secondary data. Moreover, secondary data; is an information which is recorded earlier by some other researcher. However, Secondary data can be obtained from, journal’s, newspaper, internet, books and magazines. In earlier discussed […]

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Content analysis research method; also known as, secondary data analysis. In this method information or data is obtained regarding a social issue through secondary data. Moreover, secondary data; is an information which is recorded earlier by some other researcher. However, Secondary data can be obtained from, journal’s, newspaper, internet, books and magazines. In earlier discussed research method, data was collected by, researcher; through questionnaire, interview and observation. Whereas, in content analysis the source of data is secondary, information which has already been recorded. In other techniques sample/participants of the research were people, however, in content analysis sample are recorded documented data. Suppose, if researcher want to analyze that, “rap songs” is promoting alcohol” by the mean of content analysis. Then the researcher would have to collect the sample of rap songs lyrics and analyze the sampled lyrics. Furthermore, Organize the data obtained from lyrics; which, associate alcohol with self-esteem. If the analysis show enough evidence that rap songs promote alcohol. Then research assumption would be accepted, if not then it will be rejected.   

Government agencies census reports, provide enormous information to sociologist for conducting, content analysis research. Demographic information of the country population can be used in content analysis; may be researcher is interested in analyzing the “relationship between child education and household income” , such type of pattern can be analyze from secondary data analysis. Advantage of using content analysis methods is that it is cheap to conduct whereas, the disadvantage is that, sometimes it is difficult to obtain secondary data required for research.           

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Survey Research Method https://www.sociologylearners.com/survey-research-method/ Wed, 24 May 2017 16:10:29 +0000 https://www.sociologylearners.com/?p=126 Survey is one of the research methods, to obtain sociological knowledge. Each research requires data to test and justify research hypothesis. In survey method data is collected through questionnaire and interview. Moreover, questionnaire are of two type; open ended and close ended. Open-ended questionnaire allow the respondent to respond in one sentence, note or essay. […]

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Survey is one of the research methods, to obtain sociological knowledge. Each research requires data to test and justify research hypothesis. In survey method data is collected through questionnaire and interview. Moreover, questionnaire are of two type; open ended and close ended. Open-ended questionnaire allow the respondent to respond in one sentence, note or essay. Whereas, in close-ended questionnaire, respondent answer is confined by the researcher in, “yes” or “no “or, multiple choices questions. Researcher ask same standardized question from large number of people.

Techniques which are used for, the selection of respondents in research, called “sampling techniques”. With the help of sampling techniques researcher analyze number of respondents required for research; out of “population”. Respondents, who participate in the research or, respond to the questionnaire; are termed as “sample”. It is important for reader to know survey method is used in many fields to obtain knowledge. This method is not just limited to sociological knowledge, it is also used for other researches. An individual is frequently, bombarded with survey questionnaires. Coming out of restaurant customer receive a feedback survey questionnaire regarding product and services. Researcher can reach respondents through social media, email and telecommunication. Moreover, online polls like political poll, entertainment poll and marketing poll, are also type of survey questionnaire. However, the prime purpose of survey is to obtain data whether it’s regarding social issue or product and services.

Another instrument of data collection in survey method, is interview. One on one conversation of researcher and participant is called interview. There are two types of interviews; structured interview and unstructured interview. In structured interview respondents have been asked to answer, close-ended questions whereas, in unstructured interview respondents have been asked to answer, open-ended questions. Furthermore, if researcher is interested in multivariate data analysis for testing research hypothesis then, he should choose the “sampling technique”, “sample size” and “questionnaire measurement scales”, very carefully because, mentioned components have impact on the, reliability of test results.   

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Experiment Research Method https://www.sociologylearners.com/experiment-research-method/ Wed, 24 May 2017 15:41:42 +0000 https://www.sociologylearners.com/?p=123 In this method research hypothesis is tested with help of experiment. Experiment is based on the concept of, “cause and effect” if one event is a cause the other occurring event is the effect. Experiment is conducted for the purpose of testing social theories. In experiment method, researcher manipulate one variable to see the effect […]

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In this method research hypothesis is tested with help of experiment. Experiment is based on the concept of, “cause and effect” if one event is a cause the other occurring event is the effect. Experiment is conducted for the purpose of testing social theories. In experiment method, researcher manipulate one variable to see the effect on other variable, this helps the researcher to determine the relationship amongst two variable. Let’s take a general example; if someone consume carbonated drinks every day and suddenly start experiencing stomach problems. When he stops drinking carbonated drinks, his stomach problem goes away. In the given example stomach and carbonated drinks are two variables; the manipulated variable in the example is carbonated drinks. Subject consuming carbonated drinks is a “cause” and the “effect” is subject having problems in his stomach.  Experiments are conducted in a lab and in field as well, as far as, data is collected without researcher interference.

Lab experiment is initiated by, creating an artificial environment in lab by researcher; which helps him to manipulate variables. After setting the lab, researcher select a few people with similar demographic information as subjects of experiment. Furthermore, People are randomly divided in to two groups; one group is controlled group and another is experimental group. Difference between both groups is that experimental group is exposed to independent variable and controlled group is not being exposed to the independent variable. In the above example “carbonated drink” can be categorized as independent variable and “stomach” as dependent variable. Suppose, if researcher wants to analyze “the impact of tutoring on children academic performance” from experiment method. If Researcher want to conduct experiment in lab, he has to set a lab and create artificial environment in which he is able to manipulate variable. Moreover, participants will be selected for conducting experiment, with similar academic performance, age and grade. Furthermore, participants will be divided into two groups randomly. Both group will have to prepare the same chapters of same subjects, nonetheless, controlled group will be only taught by school teacher, whereas. experimental group will be taught by school teacher and tutor, for the time period of one month. Both groups will be tested after a month, same paper would be drafted for the test. However, test result will conclude the experiment result as well. If the score of experimental group was more than controlled group, the research will be concluded as tutoring have influence on enhancing academic capabilities of a children.  Researcher has to set parameters in choosing the participants because if subject of experiment is not qualified as participant, it will affect the reliability of experiment. For example considering the tutoring experiment, if researcher select participants from different standards, the result of the experiment will be unreliable because same material will be provided to all participants for preparation, in a specific duration. Students studying in high standard might score high without any help whereas, students of lower standard may score low with tutoring. Participants should be of same standard, and academic performance should be similar as well.       

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