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]]>Plato explain his theory of ideal state with the help of analogy between individual and state. According to Plato state is the magnified individual because both are same in composition and qualities. As Plato believe that human soul consist of appetite, courage and reason, on the other hand, state also consist of the three classes, guardian, soldiers and producers. Plato ideal state is based on his three concepts, (communism) the new social order for guardian class, state regulated education scheme and rule of philosophy.
Communism does not mean to improve the living standard of people in the state, neither it applies to whole community. Communism can only apply to the guardian class, to keep them away from economic and worldly temptation. Which states that, guardian class should not own any property.
In his book “The law” he construct a model of a state, which comprised of 5040 citizens. Those citizens were divided in to the 12 tribes and community which were administered and governed by the state council. He said that such state should be situated away from the sea because at that time the naval power of the state was very weak. Moreover, he emphasized on the agriculture self-sufficient state and defy the idea of commercial state, according to him in commercial state citizen forget their civic duties. According to Plato, there should be middle class people in the state because they will provide stability to the state.
Plato said that, the guardian class should be healthy, honest, selfless, incorruptible, wise and evenhanded. The question here is how people acquire such qualities? Plato answer to the question was education. Further he discussed about the children of the guardians they will be free from all parental handicaps. Loved by all the parents. They will be the state responsibility, state will look after their basic needs and education. In Plato ideal state there will be no law and the head of the state will be king philosopher. He argue that, if people in the state have good and sound character then there is no need of law. Even if their character is unsound or bad they will not care for law and the law will still be unnecessary.
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]]>Plato scheme of education consists of two phases. First phase include elementary training and military training, former till the age of eighteen and later for two years period. Second phase include higher training and practical training, former till the age of thirty-five and later for fifteen years.
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]]>Plato have compared individual mind with state. According to him, state is enlarged or magnified form of an individual. Now here Plato moved from micro to macro level, like human facilities state also has three element. Which are as follow guardian, artisans and warriors. The reason part in ideal state is played by guardian, courage part is played by warrior and appetite part is played by artisans. According to Plato justice in the state refer to, these three classes (guardians, warrior and artisans) which should be present and functional in the state.
Plato believed that, the justice in the state demands that, these three elements should perform their duties and functions individually, one should not interfere in others duties and functions but, artisan and warrior should work under the supervision of guardian. By artisan Plato meant producers, by warrior he meant soldiers or Army and by guardians he meant rulers or government. Society needs basic necessities which are produced by the artisans. People in state need security from foreign aggression, which is provided by warrior or army. State need regulation, which is provided by government and rulers or guardians.
There are two aspects of Plato’s theory of justice. On micro level it is individual and on macro level it is state or society. Micro aspect purpose is to refrain individual from selfish impulses. It also teaches an individual not to meddle and interfere in other work and business. From social point of view in state every institution perform its own function. Somehow both individual minds and state are identical and both do not interfere in others work. Platonic theory of justice is basically of non-interference.
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